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Al Qaeda had progressed much further toward developing a particular biological weapon before the Sept. 11 attacks than the United States realized, the presidential commission investigating intelligence on weapons of mass destruction found. The intelligence community was surprised by al Qaeda's advances in. Al-Qaeda defector al-Fadl, who was a former member of Qatar Charity, testified in court that Abdullah Mohammed Yusef, who served as Qatar Charity's director, was affiliated to al-Qaeda and simultaneously to the National Islamic Front, a political group that gave al-Qaeda leader Osama Bin Laden harbor in Sudan in the early 1990s.
Trending News.' Al Qaeda's biological program was further along, particularly with regard to Agent X, than pre-war intelligence indicated,' the report says. 'The program was extensive, well-organized, and operated for two years before September 11, but intelligence insights into the program were limited.' It was not so advanced that al Al Qaeda had a functioning weapon, the report says.U.S. Officials have previously said they found signs of al Qaeda's work in anthrax weapons in Afghanistan, but it was not clear if 'Agent X' referred to anthrax. Other diseases that may be turned into weapons include smallpox, plague and ebola.The work on Agent X was done at several sites in Afghanistan, including two with commercial lab equipment.
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Some intelligence information suggests cultures of the disease had been isolated and basic production was possible, the report says, but notes this is uncertain information.U.S. Assessments of al Qaeda's other efforts to acquire a weapon of mass destruction did not change substantially after U.S. And Afghan forces removed the Taliban from power after the Sept.
11 attacks, the report says. Al Qaeda was studying nuclear weapons and contacted Pakistani scientists to discuss nuclear weapons, it notes.'
We found that just prior to the war in Afghanistan in 2001, the Intelligence Community was able to correctly assess al Qaeda's limited ability to use unconventional weapons to inflict mass casualties,' the report says. 'Yet when the war uncovered new evidence of WMD efforts, analysts were surprised by the intentions and level of research and development underway by al Qaeda.
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Had this new information not been acquired, and had al Qaeda been allowed to continue weapons development, a future intelligence failure could have been in the offing.' LumpkinFirst published on March 31, 2005 / 4:28 PM© 2005 The Associated Press. All Rights Reserved.
This material may not be published, broadcast, rewritten, or redistributed.
At all relevant times from in or about 1989until the date of the filing of this Indictment, an international terroristgroup existed which was dedicated to opposing non-Islamic governments withforce and violence. This organization grew out of the 'mekhtab al khidemat'(the 'Services Office') organization which had maintained offices in variousparts of the world, including Afghanistan, Pakistan (particularly in Peshawar),and the United States. The group was founded by Usama Bin Laden and MuhammadAtef, a/k/a 'Abu Hafs al Masry,' together with 'Abu Ubaidah al Banshiri,' andothers. From in or about 1989 until the present, the group called itself 'alQaeda' ('the Base'). From 1989 until in or about 1991, the group (hereafterreferred to as 'al Qaeda') was headquartered in Afghanistan and Peshawar,Pakistan. In or about 1991, the leadership of al Qaeda, including its 'emir'(or prince) Usama Bin Laden, relocated to the Sudan. Al Qaeda was headquarteredin the Sudan from approximately 1991 until approximately 1996 but stillmaintained offices in various parts of the world.
In 1996, Usama Bin Laden andother members of al Qaeda relocated to Afghanistan. At all relevant times, alQaeda was led by its emir, Usama Bin Laden. Members of al Qaeda pledged an oathof allegiance (called a 'bayat') to Usama Bin Laden and al Qaeda.
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Those whowere suspected of collaborating against al Qaeda were to be identified andkilled.2. Bin Laden and al Qaeda violently opposed theUnited States for several reasons. First, the United States was regarded as an'infidel' because it was not governed in a manner consistent with the group'sextremist interpretation of Islam.
Second, the United States was viewed asproviding essential support for other 'infidel' governments and institutions,particularly the governments of Saudi Arabia and Egypt, the nation of Israel,and the United Nations organization, which were regarded as enemies of thegroup. Third, al Qaeda opposed the involvement of the United States armedforces in the Gulf War in 1991 and in Operation Restore Hope in Somalia in 1992and 1993. In particular, al Qaeda opposed the continued presence of Americanmilitary forces in Saudi Arabia (and elsewhere on the Saudi Arabian peninsula)following the Gulf War. Fourth, al Qaeda opposed the United States Governmentbecause of the arrest, conviction and imprisonment of persons belonging to alQaeda or its affiliated terrorist groups or those with whom it worked. Forthese and other reasons, Bin Laden declared a jihad, or holy war, against theUnited States, which he has carried out through al Qaeda and its affiliatedorganizations.Excerpts from the U.S. Indictment of Zacarias Moussaoui, filed in December2001.
Moussaoui is the alleged '20th hijacker' in the Sept. 11 attacksand this indictment offers information on what U.S.
![Information on al qaeda Information on al qaeda](/uploads/1/2/7/4/127403874/646214786.jpg)
Authorities know to dateabout bin Laden's Al Qaeda organization.The following excerpts from the Moussaoui indictment outline Al Qaeda'sorigins, why it violently opposes the U.S., its goals, structure, organization, and affiliated groups, its training camps and business dealings, and its fatwahs and declarations of war against its enemies. (Note: the is available at the Department of Justice website.)3. One of the principal goals of al Qaeda was todrive the United States armed forces out of Saudi Arabia (and elsewhere on theSaudi Arabian peninsula) and Somalia by violence. Members of al Qaeda issuedfatwahs (rulings on Islamic law) indicating that such attacks were both properand necessary.4. Al Qaeda functioned both on its own andthrough some of the terrorist organizations that operated under its umbrella,including: Egyptian Islamic Jihad, which was led by Ayman al-Zawahiri, and attimes, the Islamic Group (also known as 'el Gamaa Islamia' or simply'Gamaa't'), and a number of jihad groups in other countries, including theSudan, Egypt, Saudi Arabia, Yemen, Somalia, Eritrea, Djibouti, Afghanistan,Pakistan, Bosnia, Croatia, Albania, Algeria, Tunisia, Lebanon, the Philippines,Tajikistan, Azerbaijan, and the Kashmiri region of India and the Chechnyanregion of Russia. Al Qaeda also maintained cells and personnel in a number ofcountries to facilitate its activities, including in Kenya, Tanzania, theUnited Kingdom, Germany, Canada, Malaysia, and the United States.5. Al Qaeda had a command and control structurewhich included a majlis al shura (or consultation council) which discussed andapproved major undertakings, including terrorist operations.
Al Qaeda also hada 'military committee' which considered and approved 'military' matters.6. Usama Bin Laden and al Qaeda also forgedalliances with the National Islamic Front in the Sudan and with representativesof the government of Iran, and its associated terrorist group Hizballah, forthe purpose of working together against their perceived common enemies in theWest, particularly the United States.7. Since at least 1989, until the filing of thisIndictment, Usama Bin Laden and the terrorist group al Qaeda sponsored,managed, and/or financially supported training camps in Afghanistan, whichcamps were used to instruct members and associates of al Qaeda and itsaffiliated terrorist groups in the use of firearms, explosives, chemicalweapons, and other weapons of mass destruction.
In addition to providingtraining in the use of various weapons, these camps were used to conductoperational planning against United States targets around the world andexperiments in the use of chemical and biological weapons. These camps werealso used to train others in security and counterintelligence methods, such asthe use of codes and passwords, and to teach members and associates of al Qaedaabout traveling to perform operations. For example, al Qaeda instructed itsmembers and associates to dress in 'Western' attire and to use other methods toavoid detection by security officials.
The group also taught its members andassociates to monitor media reporting of its operations to determine theeffectiveness of their terrorist activities.8. Since in or about 1996, Usama Bin Laden andothers operated al Qaeda from their headquarters in Afghanistan. During thistime, Bin Laden and others forged close relations with the Taliban inAfghanistan.
To that end, Bin Laden informed other al Qaeda members andassociates outside Afghanistan of their support of, and alliance with, theTaliban. Bin Laden also endorsed a declaration of jihad (holy war) issued bythe 'Ulema Union of Afghanistan.' .Overt ActsIn furtherance of the conspiracy, and to effectits objects, the defendant, and others known and unknown to the Grand Jury,committed the following overt acts:The Provision of Guesthouses and Training Camps1. At various times from at least as early as1989, Usama Bin Laden, and others known and unknown, provided training campsand guesthouses in Afghanistan, including camps known as Khalden, Derunta,Khost, Siddiq, and Jihad Wal, for the use of al Qaeda and its affiliatedgroups.The Training2.
At various times from at least as early as1990, unindicted co-conspirators, known and unknown, provided military andintelligence training in various areas, including Afghanistan, Pakistan, andthe Sudan, for the use of al Qaeda and its affiliated groups, including theEgyptian Islamic Jihad.Financial and Business Dealings3.
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